50 Foundational Active Ingredients

HERBAL INGREDIENTS

For decades, herbal ingredients have been widely used all over the world. Naturopathy and medical science are researching these natural herbal properties to treat skin conditions. NO FACE® creates new forms of natural active ingredients through its cutting edge patented biotechnologies and global partners. These new ingredients form the foundation of the leading skincare products that empower both professionals and consumers with new confidence and freedom in achieving skin success.

1.  Sophora Angustifolia Root Extract 

Sophora Angustifolia Root Extract is a natural herbal ingredient that brightens the skin by inhibiting tyrosinase. Because dyspigmentation is a common sign of skin aging, researchers are looking for new, safe ways to modulate pigmentation in clinical and cosmetic settings. The effects of Sophora Angustifolia Root on melanogenesis and melanin transfer have been studied. Isobutylmethylxanthine and hydroquinone have been tested against it. In both human melanoma cells and normal adult epidermal melanocytes, sophora inhibited melanogenesis. It also inhibited melanin transfer and melanocyte filopodia expression, indicating their utility as multimode pigmentation agents.

2. GINKGO BILOBA Leaf Extract

Gingko biloba is one of the world's oldest trees. Ginkgo biloba extract is one of the most beneficial cosmetic components for skin care since it is high in flavonoids and terpenoids like ginkgolides and bilobalides. Potent antioxidant protection, skin-soothing effects, increased skin hydration, and significant anti-aging defense have been researched as Gingko biloba benefits for skin.

The high concentration of antioxidant compounds in gingko biloba, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, helps to neutralize free radicals in the environment. Additionally, its capacity to reduce oxidative stress indirectly leads to a calming effect that may aid in the relief of troubled skin. Furthermore, the skin advantages of gingko biloba include moisturizing and anti-aging. Furthermore, ginkgo biloba-infused cosmetic formulations have good skin dispersion and retention. As a result, it's frequently used in items like lotions to give beneficial antioxidant skin protection. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract helps to relieve inflammation, which soothes the skin. It reduces the generation of active oxygen and nitrogen species in cells, making them less inflammatory. Quercetin, a flavonoid recognized for its anti-inflammatory qualities, is abundant in Ginkgo biloba. Quercetin reduces inflammation through a variety of ways, including reducing the synthesis of inflammation-producing enzymes (cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX)). Ginkgo biloba leaf extract is a good ingredient for skin disorders like acne, eczema, and other types of facial redness and inflammation since it can reduce inflammation and soothe the skin. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract may be a safe and effective way to slow the progression of vitiligo, a condition in which the skin loses its colour.

HUMECTANT

Humectants are hydrating chemicals found in lotions and cleansers that work like a magnet to attract water molecules to the skin. Humectants are hygroscopic compounds that establish hydrogen bonds with water molecules chemically. By taking water from the lower cell layers, this bonding serves to keep the skin moisturized. Water is drawn from the dermis (second layer of skin) to the epidermis by humectants (the top layer of skin). The moisture level in the stratum corneum, the layer of dead cells that makes up the epidermis' outermost crust, rises as a result of this process. The skin will appear less flaky and be less prone to cracking and chafing as a result. Desquamation (the shedding of dead cells) is aided by humectants, which break down the proteins that hold the cells together. Humectants can even collect water vapor from the air to help moisturize the skin if the humidity level is above 70%.

3. Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is a sugar molecule that exists naturally in the skin, and it helps to bind water to collagen, holding it in the skin so that skin appears plumper, dewier, and more hydrated. Hyaluronic acid works by increasing hydration in the skin, keeping it looking fresh, plump, and bouncy. The structure of the skin is formed by the collagen in the dermis. Natural hyaluronic acid is linked to water molecules on one side and bonded to collagen on the other, which gives skin its plumpness.

The key to rapidly plumping fine wrinkles and making skin glow is hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a substance found in our skin that helps to keep it moisturized and plump by holding water. The HA in the body can hold 1,000 times its weight in water, allowing the body to keep all of the moisture in the skin and joints while also preventing it from evaporating into the air.

Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables protect the skin from irritation, which helps it retain moisture. Hyaluronic acid, which is included in creams and serums for skincare, attracts moisture to the skin's surface. It can be utilized as a humectant in skin care routine because of its capacity to pull and hold water. Hyaluronic acid is compatible with a wide range of other substances, including peels, retinols, vitamins, and other acids. Acids with low pH values, such as glycolic acid, are the lone exception because they may destroy the HA and render it ineffective.

Harsh weather, winter heaters, some skin-care products, and underlying skin disorders can cause microscopic cracks in the natural skin barrier, enabling water to escape. That's why developing a customized skin-care routine that includes hydrating products can be very effective. Hyaluronic acid, glycerin, colloidal oatmeal, urea, propylene glycol, and sorbitol, among other hydrating skin-care components, serve as humectants, attracting water to the skin in order to hydrate it. Hyaluronic acid is easily absorbed, which is why it is so effective when used topically. 

4. Glycerin

Glycerine is one of the best substances for treating dry, parched skin. Glycerine, commonly known as glycol, is derived from both animal and vegetable fats. It's a thick gelatinous liquid with a pleasant taste and no odor that's used in a variety of cosmetics like creams, moisturizers, shampoos, and conditioners. Glycerine can be used on lips as well as facial skin to keep dryness at bay. Glycerine helps to keep the skin's pH balanced. Using it on a regular basis will help to reduce water loss in the skin, which is caused by evaporation. It forms a protective layer of moisture on the skin, shielding it from damaging UV radiation and keeping it healthy, hydrated, and shining. Glycerine has therapeutic effects and can be used as a natural treatment for skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis. Glycerine dissolves the proteins in dead skin cells, allowing them to be removed from the body. This aids in the production of new skin cells, resulting in clear, healthy skin.

5. Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid

Sodium PCA is a moisturizing ingredient that can be found in oils, plants, and fruits. It's pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), commonly known as pyroglutamic acid, in sodium salt form. It is also known as the amino acid proline, which is the building block of all proteins. The salt form of sodium PCA molecules makes it water soluble. Sodium PCA is a humectant found in the skin naturally. Humectants help to keep moisture in the skin and keep it there. They absorb water droplets from the air and lock them into the skin's outer layer, giving it a moisturized appearance. While sodium PCA is a naturally occurring substance, it can also be synthesized. Furthermore, depending on the extraction source, the use of Sodium PCA may differ.

With aging, the skin's natural level of Sodium PCA diminishes. Sodium PCA-containing skincare products can help to replace the lost quantities. It collects water from the surroundings and while bathing due to its high water absorption capacity. It then seals it inside the skin, giving it a moisturized, plump, and youthful appearance. Sodium PCA is an important component in the intracellular portion of the skin's function. It supports the skin's barrier function by preventing the skin cells from losing water. Sodium PCA aids in the formation of intercellular lipids, which connect and hold cells together. It maintains the health of the skin's outer layer. Sodium PCA minimizes the danger of bacteria and allergy attack while also preventing moisture loss. Eczema is a skin disorder that is characterized by inflammation, irritation, and skin scaling. Sodium PCA in combination with other barrier-protecting components has shown to be effective. It helps with eczema symptoms like inflammation, roughness, and itching. It also improved the skin's overall appearance. It reduced discomfort by 79 percent and enhanced hydration by 44 percent after two weeks of frequent use. Sodium PCA is generally used to keep the skin moisturized.

OCCLUSIVE INGREDIENT

Occlusives are moisturizing agents that establish a barrier on the surface of the skin to prevent moisture loss by establishing a protective layer. They also have protective effects since they imitate the skin's natural lipid barrier. External irritants such as friction, chilly wind, and pollen are protected by occlusive substances. Some occlusives, such as petrolatum and shea butter (shea butter is a wonderful occlusive! ), are multitaskers that can smooth and soften skin while also functioning as emollients. Occlusives create a waterproof covering on the skin, which prevents water and natural moisture from evaporating. Petrolatum, silicones, waxes (such as carnauba or beeswax), and most oils and butters are common occlusive components. Occlusives have a lengthy shelf life and are less prone to retain bacteria due to their low water content.

6. Biosaccharide Gum-1

Biosaccharide Gum-1 is a polysaccharide generated from carbohydrate fermentation. It's a carbohydrate that fermenting plants produce. It's also a skin-soothing and hydrating component. It works by attracting water to the epidermis and forming a moisture-binding film on the skin, making it feel soft and smooth. It also acts as an anti-irritant in addition to delivering long-lasting moisturization. Gum-1 biosaccharide is a very big molecule with a molecular weight of one million or more. Xanthan Gum dissolves quickly in water and produces viscous solutions even at low concentrations. Biosaccharide Gum-1 can be used as a binder, emulsion stabilizer, skin-conditioning agent various, surfactant - emulsifying agent, or viscosity enhancing agent - aqueous in cosmetics and personal care products. Biosaccharide Gum-1 is a skin conditioning agent miscellaneous, according to research.

7. Shea Butter

Shea butter is fat that’s been extracted from shea tree nuts. It's off-white or ivory in hue and has a creamy consistency that's easy to apply. Shea butter is an effective cosmetic ingredient for softening skin due to its high content of fatty acids and vitamins. Anti-inflammatory and therapeutic effects are also found in shea butter. Shea butter can help to condition, tone, and soothe the skin. 

Anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of shea butter have been demonstrated. Applying shea butter products to the face can help to reduce redness and swelling. Shea butter's rich tree-nut oils can absorb into the skin, leaving a smooth and silky barrier that keeps moisture in. This hydrating effect might continue up to four hours. Shea butter offers calming and anti-aging qualities that can help skin look younger and smoother. Pure shea butter on the face, on the other hand, may cause acne. Acne can occur even while using products that only contain a modest amount of shea butter.

 AHA

Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are a class of acids originating from plants and animals that are utilized in a wide range of skin care products. These include anti-aging products used on a daily basis, such as serums, toners, and creams, as well as more intensive procedures such as chemical peels. There are seven different forms of AHAs that are often found in skincare products. Citric acid (found in citrus fruits), glycolic acid (found in sugar cane), hydroxycaproic acid (found in royal jelly), hydroxycaprylic acid (found in animals), lactic acid (found in lactose or other carbohydrates), malic acid (found in fruits), and tartaric acid (found in fruits) are among them.

The primary function of AHAs is to exfoliate the skin. In fact, all of the additional advantages that AHAs provide are built on this foundation. Exfoliation is the process of removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. This not only aids in the removal of dead skin cells, but it also allows for the development of new skin cells. Other underlying skin concerns, such as wrinkles, age, spots, and acne, can be exacerbated by the accumulation of dead skin cells. However, not all AHAs are the same when it comes to exfoliation.  As a general rule, the more AHAs a product contains, the more strong the exfoliating actions.

8. Mandelic Acid

Mandelic acid, a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds, is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA). It's a potent ingredient that can help  boost a skincare routine when needed. It works by exfoliating the skin, just like other types of AHAs. It's milder than glycolic acid since its molecule size is twice as large, which means it takes longer to permeate the skin and is less prone to irritate it. Finally, mandelic acid, like all acids, makes skin more vulnerable to UVA radiation, thus using an SPF during the day is more effective in  preserving the skin's shine.

When compared to other AHAs, mandelic acid has the advantage of being gentler on the skin. As a result, it's a great option for those with sensitive skin. This softness appears to be attributable to the fact that mandelic acid is one of the biggest AHAs, which means it penetrates the skin more slowly. As a result, it is less irritating to the skin. Mandelic acid promotes cell turnover and works as an exfoliant to remove dead skin cells. As a result, some chemical peels contain mandelic acid. Mandelic acid also improves the appearance of skin by encouraging the production of collagen, the main protein found in skin and connective tissue. Mandelic acid in skin care products helps to regulate sebum production, unclog pores, and reduce inflammation. Acne breakouts may be reduced as a result of this. Mandelic acid's exfoliating effect eliminates dead skin cells, making the skin firmer and smoother. Mandelic acid may possibly have some lightening benefits for dark areas like melasma. Mandelic acid chemical peels may help promote collagen formation, which declines with age. This can assist to soften the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, giving the skin a more vibrant, youthful look.

9. Glycolic Acid

The most common alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) used in skin care is glycolic acid. Because it is the smallest AHA and comes from sugar cane, it is the most effective at penetrating the skin. Glycolic acid is a remarkable anti-aging drug that appears to have a wide range of effects. Exfoliating the skin and minimizing fine wrinkles, preventing acne, eliminating dark spots, boosting skin thickness, and levelling out skin tone and texture are all benefits. It's most usually seen at quantities of less than 10%. Glycolic acid, like salicylic acid, is used in peels to treat acne and pigmentation, and it's sometimes combined with microdermabrasion or microneedling. However, even when glycolic acid isn't on the skin, it enhances UV sensitivity.

Glycolic acid stimulates exfoliation and helps to remove the connections between keratinocytes [skin cells] in the outer layers of skin without using harsh, mechanical exfoliating treatments. It can speed up cell turnover and bring fresher, younger cells to the surface in this way. It has anti-aging properties. It has a lot of anti-acne properties. It treats acne from the beginning, when it is still in the comedone stage. Glycolic acid decreases fine lines and wrinkles, minimizes pore size, fights acne, exfoliates dead skin cells, and evens skin tone. Another advantage is that glycolic acid is completely safe for new mothers. 

10. Lactic Acid

Lactic acid is an anti-wrinkle and anti-pigmentation component that can be found in both OTC and professional skin care products. Lactic acid is derived from milk and belongs to the alpha-hydroxy acid family of anti-aging compounds (AHAs).

Lactic acid is used to treat hyperpigmentation, age spots, and other conditions that cause a dull and uneven complexion. Improved skin tone and pore appearance are two further advantages of AHAs like lactic acid. Lactic acid, on the other hand, is a little gentler than AHAs like glycolic acid. A lactic acid peel is therefore a better option for delicate skin. Lactic acid is used to make a moderate chemical peel that can help balance out the tone of the skin. It can assist with age spots, melasma, rough texture, and fine wrinkles, among other things.

BHA

BHA stands for salicylic acid, which is one of the most common ingredients in organic cleansers and exfoliators. The molecular structure of BHA (separated by two carbon atoms) is what makes it so useful as a plant hormone. The BHA molecule (C7H6O3) is designed in such a way that it achieves oil solubility, allowing it to easily infiltrate and clean skin pores from the inside. BHA (also known as salicylic acid) is found in small amounts in skincare products, making it one of the safest substances to use on the skin. Furthermore, BHA is fully natural, as it is obtained from plants, with one of the main sources being the anti-inflammatory bark of the willow tree. Tomatoes, olives, green peppers, radishes, mushrooms, chicory, and other vegetables are good sources of BHA.

BHA works on the skin's surface as well as deep within the pore; because it's oil soluble, it's best for normal to oily skin that's prone to bumps, blockages, blemishes, and enlarged pores. BHA also contains natural skin-calming effects, making it suitable for sensitive skin or skin prone to redness or rosacea. Even uneven skin prone to milia can benefit from this well-rounded, soothing substance. BHA is very beneficial for persons who have oily skin, acne, or clogged pores. BHA dissolves oil, penetrates the skin's deepest layers, and cleans clogged pores from the inside out. Of course, using BHA with the right skincare routine for oily skin will boost its effectiveness even more.

11. Salicylic Acid

A beta hydroxy acid is salicylic acid. It's well-known for eliminating acne and keeping pores clear by exfoliating the skin. Salicylic acid can be found in a range of over-the-counter (OTC) products. Prescription-strength formulations are also available. Mild acne responds best to salicylic acid (blackheads and whiteheads). It may also aid in the prevention of subsequent outbreaks.

Blackheads (open plugged pores), whiteheads (closed blocked pores), and pustules (pustules) are common when the hair follicles (pores) become clogged with dead skin cells and oil. Salicylic acid works by penetrating the skin and dissolving the dead skin cells that block the pores. It may take many weeks to notice the full benefit of this product.

OTHER ACIDS

Knowing what acids are in skincare products and how they function might help you find the ideal anti-aging blend to create a routine that gives the results. Because topical application of certain acids might make skin sun-sensitive.

12. Azelaic Acid

Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring acid present in barley, wheat, and rye grains. It has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, making it useful for treating skin diseases such as acne and rosacea. The acid can prevent future breakouts and remove germs that causes acne from pores. Azelaic acid is a type of azelaic acid that is administered to the skin in the form of a gel, foam, or cream. Azelaic acid isn't often a dermatologist's first choice for treating acne because it takes some time to work. Skin blistering, dryness, and peeling are some of the acid's negative effects. 

Azelaic acid works by cleansing the pores of germs that could be causing irritation or breakouts, lowering inflammation so acne is less apparent, less red, and less irritated, and gently stimulating cell turnover so scarring is reduced. In addition to acute acne outbreaks, some people use azelaic to treat acne scarring. Azelaic acid promotes cell turnover, which helps to lessen the severity of scarring.

It also stops the skin from producing pigments that change the tone of the skin, a process known as melanin production. Other skin disorders treated with azelaic acid include hyperpigmentation, rosacea, and skin whitening. Azelaic acid prevents the proliferation of discolored skin cells. Azelaic acid's ability to lighten skin darkened by melanin is due to the same feature that makes it beneficial for treating inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Azelaic acid has the ability to reduce inflammation, making it an effective treatment for rosacea symptoms. Clinical studies show that azelaic acid gel can improve the appearance of rosacea-related edema and visible blood vessels over time.

VITAMIN A

Vitamin A is a nutrient that is necessary for skin, eye, and reproductive health, as well as immunological function. Retinoids (preformed vitamin A) and carotenoids are the two kinds of vitamin A. (proformed vitamin A). The liver converts both forms into retinol. The lymphatic system either stores it or transports it to cells throughout the body.

Vitamin A contains retinoids, which are known for reducing fine lines and wrinkles by boosting the production of the skin-smoothing protein collagen, fighting signs of UV damage like hyperpigmentation and sunspots (which can help the skin look more youthful and potentially reduce the risk of some skin cancers), and fighting acne by sloughing off dead skin cells.

13. Retinol

Retinol is a synthetic derivative of vitamin A, the group of fat-soluble vitamins common in carrots, eggs and sweet potatoes. 

Because it changes the behavior of aged cells to make them act more youthfully, retinol is a gold-standard component in skin care. It improves skin radiance, smoothes and refines skin texture, and treats aging. When retinol is used as part of an age-defying skin care regimen, it aids in skin renewal, collagen synthesis, and the look of aging, uneven texture, and age spots. The following are some of the advantages of using vitamin A topically in the form of retinol: Its reducing impact helps to prevent wrinkles while also smoothing out fine lines and wrinkles. Exfoliate dull skin at the cellular level to reveal new skin that is brighter and smoother. Oily skin can be controlled and breakouts can be reduced. Over time, dark age spots, sun spots, and hyperpigmentation fade, resulting in a more even complexion. Retinol can be quite beneficial for persons who suffer from acne and outbreaks because of its potent cell rejuvenation properties. It promotes proper cell turnover and has an exfoliating effect that prevents pores from clogging and the formation of pimples, blackheads, and cysts.

14. HPR

Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate (HPR) is the newest member of the retinoid family, which includes the "royal family of skincare". The FDA-approved anti-aging superstar retinoic acid, nicknamed tretinoin, is the family's queen, while HPR appears to be the queen's mild but powerful sister princess. An ester of retinoic acid, HPR is a groundbreaking new form of Vitamin A. HPR is now accessible, however it does not cause irritation (like Retin-A does) or require any metabolic processes (like retinol).

Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate (HPR) is a kind of Vitamin A that has the ability to improve the skin! It's a retinoic acid ester, which means it's connected to retinoic acid, which is the active form of Vitamin A that causes transformation. The metabolic machinery must convert other types of retinoids (Vitamin A) before they can do anything. There will be no influence if there is no communication. Retinyl Palmitate, Retinol, and Retinaldehyde are all examples of this. With HPR, however, this is not the case. To work its skincare magic, it interacts directly to the skin cells' retinoid receptors. The great promise of HPR is that it's just like retinoic acid in terms of activity (no conversion required), but without the discomfort.

VITAMIN B

B vitamins in particular support skin health in a multitude of ways, making their inclusion in  daily regimen whether through diet, supplements, personal care products, or a combination of the three an effective and safe way to treat skin issues. While all of these B vitamins work with enzymes to support the body's activities in a variety of ways, including carrying nutrients throughout the body and releasing energy from carbohydrates and fats, they each offer their own set of advantages.

Thiamine (vitamin B1): Thiamine is beneficial to skin that is red, inflamed, acne-prone, or dry. It also reduces the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin): Vitamin B2 helps improve skin tone, make it more luminous, and regulate natural oils, making it an excellent vitamin for dry or acne-prone skin.

Vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid or niacinamide): Vitamin B3 aids in the natural defenses of the skin. It enhances the look and feel of older, dry, and sensitive skin while also protecting it from external assaults.

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid): B5 is an excellent choice for keeping skin soft and nourished. Pantothenic acid also helps to regulate skin and reduces redness and inflammation.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine): This B vitamin aids in the reduction of the consequences of hormonal imbalances, which can cause acne breakouts. Take on hormonal acne, inflammation, and redness with B6.

Biotin (vitamin B7) offers skin a naturally renewed appearance, making it ideal for dull, aged skin.

B9 (folic acid or folate) gives skin a refined appearance.

Cobalamin (vitamin B12): The vitamin B12 improves the shine of dull, aged skin. Dark spots and uneven skin tone can be reduced with the help of this B vitamin.

Niacin, panthenol, and biotin are the three B vitamins most widely utilized in skincare. Niacinamide, a derivative of niacin, is frequently found in face masks and creams to reduce the appearance of enlarged pores, fine wrinkles, and dullness. Panthenol, which is derived from pantothenic acid, is commonly found on hair care labels, but it's also used in skincare to hydrate dry, flaky skin. Biotin can be found in a variety of hair, nail, and skin care products.

15. Niacinamide B3

Niacinamide is one of two forms of vitamin B3; nicotinic acid is the other. Niacin is another name for vitamin B3. Both nicotinamide and nicotinic acid have vitamin B3 action, but their chemical structures and effects on health are different. Vitamin B3 is found in animal-based foods like meat and chicken as niacinamide, and in plant-based foods like nuts, seeds, and green vegetables as nicotinic acid. Niacinamide is added to a variety of refined grain products, including cereals. Tryptophan, an amino acid found in most protein meals, can also be used to create vitamin B3.

Niacinamide is essential for maintaining the health of your skin. As a result, it's a common ingredient in the cosmetics and skincare industries. Niacinamide has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory benefits on the skin either applied topically or taken orally as a supplement. It's been used to treat skin diseases like acne and rosacea, a redness-related facial skin ailment. As a result, niacinamide is a preferred acne and rosacea treatment option to oral or topical antibiotics.

Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that starts in the cells that make melanin, the pigment that gives the skin its color. UV light from the sun or tanning beds breaks the  cells' DNA over time and is closely linked to melanoma. Oral supplements of niacinamide have been found to improve DNA repair in UV-damaged skin in humans due to its function in cell health. As a result, niacinamide is a promising supplement that may protect against melanoma, particularly in high-risk populations like those with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

16. Panthenol B5

Panthenol, often known as vitamin B-5, is a chemical compound derived from pantothenic acid. It is found in nature and can be made from both plant and animal sources. It's utilized in a variety of cosmetic goods all around the world. Because pantothenic acid is found in so many common foods, you most certainly have it in your system right now. You've probably used a panthenol-containing cosmetic or personal care product in the recent 24 hours.

At room temperature, panthenol appears as a white powder or a transparent oil. Dexpanthenol, D-pantothenyl alcohol, butanamide, valcohol analog of pantothenic acid, and provitamin B-5 are some of the other names for panthenol that you'll read in ingredient lists. When panthenol is absorbed into the body, it transforms into vitamin B-5.

Vitamin B-5 is necessary for a balanced diet, good skin, and hair. It's no surprise that panthenol, a derivative of it, is found in a wide range of skin care products, including lotions and cleansers. It's also present in a variety of cosmetics, including lipstick, foundation, and even mascara. Panthenol is also found in insect bite creams, poison ivy creams, and diaper rash creams. Panthenol B5 moisturizes the skin by binding to and holding water, leaving it soft, smooth, and supple. It also has anti-inflammatory qualities and is engaged in wound healing by promoting the proliferation of cells and restoring the skin barrier's function.

It also has anti-inflammatory qualities and is engaged in wound healing by promoting the proliferation of cells and restoring the skin barrier's function.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxal B6) is a kind of B vitamin. It can be found in grains, beans, vegetables, liver, pork, and eggs, among other things. It can also be created in a lab. Vitamin B6 is used to prevent and cure low pyridoxine levels (pyridoxine deficiency) and the resulting anemia. It's also used to treat heart disease, PMS, depression, and a variety of other ailments. In vitamin B complex preparations, vitamin B6 is usually combined with other B vitamins.

Pyridoxine is needed for the body's carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins to work properly. It is also necessary for the healthy development and growth of the brain, nerves, skin, and many other body parts. This B vitamin aids in the reduction of the negative consequences of hormonal imbalance, which can result in acne breakouts. Take on hormonal acne, inflammation, and redness with B6. Vitamin B6 is a powerful stress reliever since it aids in the release of serotonin, or the happy hormone, in the body. Breakouts, dry spots, dull skin, and impaired cell regeneration are just a few of the negative impacts of stress, worry, and lack of sleep on the body and skin. As a result, incorporating this vitamin b complex into a diet will indirectly address all of these stress-related skin issues. Vitamin B6 can be found in tuna, turkey, chicken, bananas, sunflower seeds, and potatoes.

ANTIOXIDANT

Antioxidants are a class of naturally occurring molecules that protect the cells from oxidative stress. Although the body produces some antioxidants on its own, the vast majority of antioxidants must be obtained from meals or supplements.

Antioxidant supplements, however, don't appear to be as helpful as acquiring antioxidants from  food. Fresh fruits and vegetables are particularly high in antioxidants. They are essential for the whole health of the body, not just the skin. Fresh, healthful foods are high in antioxidants. Many skincare products include antioxidants in their compositions to offer antioxidant benefits to the skin directly. It's still a bit of a mystery how effective antioxidants administered topically are.

Sun damage is a significant aging factor for the skin. When used in conjunction with sunscreen, antioxidants may help protect against UV damage.  Antioxidants aid in the reduction of inflammation and may also have a calming impact on the skin. Protect against extrinsic aging with topical antioxidants: Topical antioxidants can help the skin look younger and protect against extrinsic aging (for instance, premature aging caused by external factors like chronic sun exposure, smoking, pollution, and more). Antioxidants, on the other hand, do not appear to slow intrinsic (chronological) aging.

18. Vitamin C

Vitamin C is widely regarded as one of the most effective anti-aging ingredients available, as well as the key to achieving a smooth, even, and glowing complexion. Although you're most likely getting vitamin C from your diet, there's no way to know if it's making its way to your skin. The most direct way to get these benefits is to use serums and other topical products. Vitamin C has a very good safety record.

The majority of people can utilize topical vitamin C for a long time without suffering any side effects. Vitamin C can help remove pigmentation and smooth the skin's surface to minimize dullness. This imparts a young glow to the skin. Vitamin C has also been demonstrated to help with a wide range of inflammatory skin conditions. A more even complexion can be achieved by reducing redness.

When melanin is overproduced in particular areas of the skin, hyperpigmentation such as sun spots, age spots, and melasma develops. It can also appear in places that have healed from acne. The use of vitamin C has been demonstrated to reduce melanin formation. This can aid in the fading of dark spots and the creation of a more even-toned skin. Skin elasticity and firmness are linked to collagen synthesis. The skin may sag if  collagen levels begin to decline.

Applying vitamin C to the face can help reduce the appearance of sun damage-related dark spots. Topical vitamin C inhibits the production of melanin, which is responsible for the dark color of skin spots. Although wrinkles are largely genetically determined, repeated exposure to UV rays can break down collagen and elastin, causing the skin to age prematurely. Vitamin C powder applied to the face can help protect it from sun damage.  Applying vitamin C powder to the face may assist in saturating the amount of vitamin C available to cells.

19. L-Ascorbic Acid

Vitamin C is a vital component with numerous roles in the body. Humans, unlike other animals, are unable to produce vitamin C. Vitamin C can be found in citrus fruits, bell peppers, and leafy greens, among other foods.

L-ascorbic acid is very crucial for keeping skin looking healthy. L-ascorbic acid protects the skin cells from stress caused by pollution, smoking, and UV rays. L-ascorbic acid is also required for the production of collagen in the skin. Collagen is a protein that makes up more than 70% of the skin's dry weight. Vitamin C powder is a relatively new product on the market, but it has recently gained popularity. It can be blended with serums or moisturizers to help protect and decrease the signs of aging on the face.

Vitamin C does not pass through the skin in all forms, it must be in the form of ascorbic acid in order for the skin to absorb it. When exposed to heat, oxygen, or light, however, ascorbic acid becomes unstable and breaks down. Powdered vitamin C contains more resistant ascorbic acid than other forms, and it is expected to retain more of its advantages than vitamin C found in serums or lotions.

The most prevalent antioxidant in the skin is vitamin C. Vitamin C is stored in the skin cells to protect them from environmental damage. Free radicals are created by UV radiation, pollution, and smoking, and they can all harm the skin. Free radicals are unstable chemicals that destroy the cells by stealing electrons. Collagen makes up the majority of the skin's dry weight. To produce this protein, the body need vitamin C. Impaired collagen synthesis causes many of the symptoms of vitamin C insufficiency (scurvy). Tyrosinase is an enzyme that vitamin C inhibits. Tyrosinase is an enzyme that transforms tyrosine, an amino acid, into melanin, the pigment that gives the skin its color. Another key antioxidant that protects the skin from oxidative damage is glutathione. Vitamin E levels decrease when the skin is exposed to sunshine.

20. Ethylated Ascorbic Acid

Ethyl ascorbic acid is an etherified ascorbic acid derivative that is water and oil soluble. It is one of the most stable forms of vitamin C because it has an ethyl group bound to the third carbon position, allowing it to penetrate the skin's deeper layers without causing irritation.

Because ethyl ascorbic acid is metabolized by the body as pure vitamin C, it retains all of vitamin C's proven antioxidant benefits, such as protection against UV rays, free radicals, and other environmental aggressors. One of the most desired effects of vitamin C is skin lightening. Clinical studies have shown that products containing 2% ethyl ascorbic acid can help brighten and even out skin tone. 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid increases the creation of collagen, which greatly improves the structure of skin cells and the overall condition of skin. Ethyl ascorbic acid helps prevent noticeable skin damage by protecting the skin against unfiltered UV light from the sun. Collagen helps to keep skin smooth, elastic, and healthy by reducing the obvious indications of aging, such as wrinkles and fine lines. According to research, 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid prevents the production of edema. Vitamin C aids in the treatment of acne inflammatory lesions as well as the reduction of post-acne redness and scarring.

21. Glutathione

Antioxidants are one of the body's most effective mechanisms for avoiding cell damage and maintaining overall health. Some antioxidants, such as glutathione, are manufactured by the body.  Glutathione is a naturally occurring antioxidant produced mostly by the liver. Glutathione is required for important body operations such as tissue formation, protein and chemical production, and immune system support. These procedures are not only beneficial to the body, but they will also improve the appearance of the skin. Glutathione decreases oxidative stress in the body, resulting in a more youthful appearance. Overall lighter, brighter skin tone, even skin tone with reduced dark spots, reduced blemishes, and diminished acne scars can all be seen with glutathione therapy.

22. Chitosan

Chitosan is a substance formed from chitin, which is found in the exoskeletons of shellfish. The interest in its capacity to soothe and rejuvenate the skin has led to an increase in its use in the skincare industry.  Chitosan, a senior medicine ingredient used in cosmetics, has the effect of natural antibiotic resistance to sensitive and anti-inflammatory, as well as the fast repair of basal thermal damage, fast healing, skin barrier repair, and metabolism of chitosan to protect skin. Hygroscopicity, moisturizing, conditioning, and bacteriostasis are all features of chitosan, which is utilized in cosmetics. 

23. Vitamine E Tocopherol

Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble substance that has anti-inflammatory properties. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that supports the immune system, cell function, and skin health. It's an antioxidant, which means it can help fight the effects of free radicals produced by food metabolism and environmental pollutants.

Vitamin E may help to protect skin from UV damage. Vitamin E may be found in a variety of healthful foods. In order to reap the benefits of vitamin E, most people in the United States do not need to supplement their meals with it. Vitamin E pills, in particular, can be harmful in big doses. Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant that may help to protect skin from UV damage. In addition, using vitamin E topically to the skin can help nourish and protect it from free radical damage. Vitamin E protects the skin from free radicals caused by daily environmental stressors such as unprotected sun exposure and air pollution. Vitamin E protects the skin from harm by combating free radicals.

Vitamin E also offers moisturizing and healing" properties and aids in "strengthening skin barrier function. Essentially, it's a workhorse of a vitamin. Vitamin E is a natural anti-inflammatory, so it helps soothe and relax the skin. It also helps to hydrate the skin and acts as a moderately efficient natural sunblock.

PLANT EXTRACTS

For millennia, natural ingredients have been used for skin treatment. Plant extracts used in skin care have been shown to have antioxidant and antibacterial properties, as well as a tyrosinase inhibitory impact. Despite the recognized characteristics of plant extracts, few research have reported formulation development using them.

24. Tea Tree Oil

Tea tree oil is a well-known treatment. It aids in the treatment of a variety of ailments and has numerous skin benefits. This essential oil is extracted from the leaves of the Melaleuca alternifolia tree, which grows in Australia.

Tea tree oil can be used to treat a variety of skin problems. Tea tree oil may help treat acne because of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Tea tree oil may be beneficial to oily skin as well. Tea tree essential oil can be applied to the skin to help reduce dryness. Reducing inflammation may help to alleviate the dryness that comes with irritation on the skin. Tea tree oil's anti-inflammatory properties may also aid in the reduction of itchy skin. Tea tree oil may hasten wound healing due to its antibacterial properties. Tea tree oil contains terpenoids, which may provide some skin benefits. Tea tree oil for the skin may offer anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and antiseptic properties.

25. Geranium Extract/oil

Geranium essential oil is made by steam distilling the leaves of Pelargonium graveolens, a South African plant species. It was supposedly utilized for a variety of ailments, according to mythology.

Geranium oil is produced in various parts of the world, including Europe and Asia. Pink flowers with a fresh, fragrant scent come in a variety of types and strains. Each type has its own distinct aroma, although they are nearly identical in terms of content, advantages, and applications. Geranium oil is a common component in perfumes and cosmetics. Essential oils are breathed through a diffuser or mixed with carrier oils and applied to the skin for calming effects in aromatherapy.

The anti-inflammatory qualities of geranium essential oil make it useful for a variety of inflammatory diseases, including skin inflammation. Geranium essential oil has shown to be a promising anti-inflammatory agent with low adverse effects. Geranium essential oil can help with nasal symptoms like bleeding, scabbing, discomfort, dryness, and blisters produced by this illness. Topical usage may alleviate irritation caused by allergic reactions, according to anecdotal data. This is due to the essential oil's anti-inflammatory properties. According to anecdotal evidence, geranium essential oil can help stop minor cuts from bleeding. It may do so by forcing blood vessels to constrict and speeding up coagulation. Its antibacterial and antiseptic characteristics aid in the healing process.

26. Lavender Extract/oil

The lavender plant produces lavender oil, which is an essential oil. It can be consumed, applied to the skin, and inhaled via aromatherapy. Lavender oil is beneficial to the skin in a variety of ways. It can help the skin  get rid of acne, brighten the skin, and decrease wrinkles. It can also be used to improve hair health and digestion, among other things.

Lavender oil kills germs, which can help to prevent and treat acne breakouts. When  applied to the skin, it unclogs pores and relieves irritation. Lavender oil can also be used as a face toner by combining two drops with one teaspoon of witch hazel. Lavender has antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects, so it can help keep eczema at bay. Psoriasis can also be treated with lavender oil. Lavender oil cleanses the skin while also reducing redness and inflammation.

Because lavender oil lowers inflammation, it can help with skin whitening. It can help with discoloration and dark spots. Lavender oil can be used to relieve painful inflammation. The pain-relieving and numbing properties of the oil aid to reduce inflammation, and the oil's beta-caryophyllene functions as a natural anti-inflammatory. Lavender oil can be used to relieve painful inflammation. The pain-relieving and numbing properties of the oil aid to reduce inflammation, and the oil's beta-caryophyllene functions as a natural anti-inflammatory.

27. Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate (Licorice Root)

Dipotassium glycyrrhizate is a licorice root extract-derived component used in skincare and cosmetic products. It's generally utilized to moisturize the skin, soothe irritated or inflamed skin, and improve the product's texture and feel.

Dipotassium glycyrrhizate has a soothing effect on the skin and is suggested to aid in the reduction of skin inflammation. Because of its capacity to diminish redness and irritation, dipotassium glycyrrhizate has been found to be an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis or eczema in clinical tests. Skin-conditioning component dipotassium glycyrrhizate helps enhance the appearance of dry or damaged skin by reducing flaking and restoring suppleness. Dipotassium glycyrrhizate is a skin-conditioning component having soothing qualities that can be found in cosmetics and skincare products. It's also used to improve the texture and feel of products by acting as an emulsifier and a gel-forming agent.

The preservation of hyaluronic acid levels in the skin has also been connected to dipotassium glycyrrhizate. With the ability to store 1,000 times its weight in water, hyaluronic acid is an important component in skin hydration. Dipotassium glycyrrhizate helps to maintain moisturized, young skin by retaining hyaluronic acid levels in the skin. While this possible advantage of dipotassium glycyrrhizate has not been well investigated, it could be beneficial. Finally, dipotassium glycyrrhizate is used in cosmetics and skincare products as an emulsifier and gel-forming component. Emulsifiers are required in formulations with both water and oil-based constituents. Water and oil are difficult to mix because they separate and settle. To keep the two types of ingredients combined, an emulsifier can be added to the recipe. Emulsifiers improve a product's consistency, allowing for an even dispersion of skincare benefits.

28. Echinacea Purpurea Extract

Echinacea, often known as purple coneflower, is a common herb all over the world. For generations, Native Americans have utilized it to heal a variety of diseases. It's best recognized nowadays as an over-the-counter herbal medicine for colds and flu. It is, however, used to treat pain, inflammation, migraines, and other ailments. Echinacea is a blooming plant that is used as a herbal treatment. They've been linked to a variety of health benefits, including reduced inflammation, better immunity, and lower blood sugar levels.

Echinacea has been used to protect the skin from the elements for thousands of years in traditional herbal therapy. The plant is used to treat eczema and psoriasis when applied topically. Echinacea purpurea extract lowers obvious symptoms of aging and soothes dry, irritated skin. Echinacea's apparent capacity to minimize inflammation is one of the reasons why it is so efficient in protecting the skin. This natural component reduces inflammation in the skin.

29. Tremella Fuciformis Polysaccharide

It's a large sugar molecule derived from the Silver Ear mushroom's edible fruit bodies in China. Glucuronic acid, one of the building blocks of IT-moisturizer Hyaluronic Acid, is one of its sugar constituents. It's said to have similar incredible water-binding properties, making it a great skin moisturizer and humectant.

Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFPS), a Tremella fuciformis Berk extract, has previously been shown to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. Tremella forms a natural flexible hydration film on the skin, restoring dry skin to its optimally hydrated and mobile state and allowing it to develop elasticity and a fit appearance. This film shrinks very little over time, resulting in improved sensory, functional moisturizing, and anti-oxidation properties. The water-holding capacity of Tremella Mushroom is greater than that of Hyaluronic Acid. Tremella Mushroom contains smaller particles than hyaluronic acid, allowing it to penetrate the skin more easily. This mushroom also contains a lot of vitamin D. 

30. Chondrus Crispus Extract

Chondrus crispus, also known as red algae, is a type of seaweed that is high in many nutrients for skin, including the pigment beta-carotene and the powerful antioxidants zeaxanthin and lutein, which help protect skin from the harmful effects of blue light. Red algae's antioxidants, on the other hand, have far-reaching health benefits.

Red algae's natural polysaccharides, peptides, and amino acids keep skin hydrated, while the numerous antioxidants in this and other types of algae can protect skin from harmful pollutants in the air. Carrageenan, a chemical found in Chondrus crispus, generates a flexible layer on the skin that provides further protection against environmental stimuli.

31. Hamamelis Virginiana Extract 

Hamamelis Virginiana Extract  Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Water and Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water are used in the formulation of bath products, cleansing products, deodorants, hair conditioners, shampoos, skin care products, eye makeup, and aftershave lotions in cosmetics and personal care goods.

Many chemicals in witch hazel have anti-inflammatory characteristics, which may have far-reaching health effects. The use of a lotion containing as little as 10% witch hazel extract can help to reduce skin inflammation and alleviate erythema. Also, for sensitive or inflamed facial skin, a topical solution containing witch hazel can help. Hemorrhoids are often treated with witch hazel as a natural cure to relieve the discomfort and pain they cause. Hemorrhoids are typically treated with witch hazel to relieve itching, redness, pain, bleeding, and swelling. When used topically, witch hazel is high in tannins, a natural plant ingredient with potent antioxidant capabilities that can help protect the skin from damage.

32. Chrysanthellum Indicum Extract

When applied to the skin, Chrysanthellum indicum, like other types of chamomile, has calming qualities. Due to its particular blend of soothing ingredients, golden chamomile appears to have a higher anti-redness impact, which can be beneficial to someone that have visibly reddish or extra-sensitive skin.

The flavonoid chemicals luteolin and acacetin-7-O-rutinoside have been demonstrated to diminish skin discolorations in amounts of 0.5 percent; however, this study was in-vitro and looked at tyrosinase (a melanin-fueling enzyme) synthesis on mushrooms, not human skin. Nonetheless, it's a fascinating prospect.

33. Centella Asiatica Extract

Centella asiatica is a perennial herb mostly found in Asia. It's been used in cooking and medicine for years, but like many other traditional plant extracts, it's becoming more popular as a skin care product. This swamp-dwelling herb first appeared in South Korean cica creams a few years ago, though Estee Lauder brands in the United States had used it on and off for years just not as cica creams. Because of their supposed calming properties, cica creams became staples of the popular K-beauty practice, and Western beauty manufacturers are claiming it's the hottest new beauty component.

Centella asiatica isn't simply a fad—its active ingredients, such as madecassoside, which acts as an antioxidant, have proven to be beneficial to skin. Centella asiatica has also been demonstrated to be an useful moisturizing component for soothing disturbed or damaged skin, as well as having significant antioxidant effects and being a rich source of amino acids. Products containing Centella asiatica can help rejuvenate the skin's protective layer while also reducing the obvious symptoms of UV damage.

AMINO ACID

Amino acids are necessary for overall health and the appearance of beautiful skin. Although there are many amino acids, only about 20 are genuinely needed for our health and are classed as essential or non-essential.

The maintenance of healthy skin necessitates the use of amino acids. The building blocks of peptides and proteins are amino acids, and each one has a different purpose in skin care. Some are found naturally in the skin and work with aquaporins to transport moisture. Some amino acids are antioxidants, but the majority help the skin produce its own antioxidants. Synthetic amino acids hydrate better than amino acids sourced from animals or plants. Amino acids help to boost the immune system, as well as the moisture, resilience, and general appearance of the skin, whether taken or treated topically. They aid to slow down the aging process by protecting skin from free radical damage. As a result, we've included a lot of amino acids in our skin-firming Peptide Booster and other skincare products. Essential and non-essential amino acids both contribute to beautiful skin.

34. Arginine

Arginine is an important amino acid that is required for protein production. It aids in the creation of collagen, which is required for skin suppleness, as well as rejuvenating and rejuvenating the skin. It also substantially improves skin tone. Arginine encourages the production of nitrogen oxide, which improves vascular tone and modulates tissue microcirculation.

Arginine is an active ingredient in anti-aging skin care products and is utilized in the creation of face creams. The anti-aging Fresh Serum with Arginine promotes blood circulation, improves skin cell metabolism, and evens out skin tone. The healing qualities of arginine are also utilised in things for the entire family. Arginine can be used for bruising and abrasion recovery since it decreases swelling and inflammation while working as an antimicrobial.

35. Taurine

Taurine (2-aminomethylsulfonic acid) is a sulfur-containing amino acid found in mammalian tissues in large amounts. Taurine is well-known for its role in a variety of biological and physiological processes in the body, including osmoregulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, membrane stabilizing, and Ca2+ mobilizing actions.

Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, is found in high concentrations in the skin and is important for skin homeostasis. Taurine is an amino acid that supports your metabolism while also improving the health of your eyes, heart, and muscles. It's mostly present in meat and seafood. When applied to the skin, taurine has a unique effect: it targets the stratum corneum, the skin's top layer. It acts to speed up skin cell metabolism, allowing for faster skin regeneration and healing. This reduces the appearance of redness and swelling. In a skin carcinogenesis, taurine is employed to investigate anti-tumor promoting activity. It can also be used to treat skin ulcers. It has an anti-wrinkle impact on the skin due to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic qualities. Taurine (0.05–0.15 g/day) is an effective treatment for psoriasis' underlying causes. It is also used in the treatment of atopic eczema.

Taurine is an amino acid that is used in skin care products, specifically anti-aging lines, where it is thought to help relax the skin and has an exfoliating action when mixed with glycolic acid, which helps to reduce fine lines and wrinkles. Glycation [when sugars link themselves to the amino acids in collagen, causing wrinkles, drooping, and "creping," one of the fundamental causes of cellular aging] is thought to be inhibited by taurine. Taurine appears to repair the skin barrier, rehydrate keratinocytes (the major cells of the upper skin layers), suppress apoptosis (cell death), and minimize free radical damage when given topically. Taurine also protects against premature aging and environmental pollutants by acting as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-toxin. Taurine is useful in addressing the underlying causes of psoriasis and is utilized in topical anti-acne and atopic eczema treatments.

36. Tranexamic Acid (Lysine derivative)

Antidotes to fibrinolytic drugs include tranexamic acid. It prevents the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin as well as plasmin's effects. Tranexamic acid is an inhibitor of competition. Tranexamic acid is a plasminogen activation inhibitor that is competitive. 

Tranexamic acid, when used topically, can aid with a variety of dermatological conditions, including lightening discolorations caused by post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (those dark marks on the skin after a pimple heals). The acid may also aid in the reduction of freckling and sunspots. Tranexamic acid is typically used to lighten the discolouration associated with melasma, a skin disorder characterized by brown areas on the face that primarily affects women. Tranexamic acid appears to prevent pigment from being transferred from melanocytes (cells that create the skin color melanin) to keratinocytes (the major kind of cell in the epidermis). Because the acid interacts with the body's clotting mechanisms, it may also regulate any aberrant blood vessel behaviors (such as blood vessel dilatation or widening) that can exacerbate melasma.

37. Serine

Serine is a naturally occurring proteinogenic amino acid generated from silk proteins that plays a vital role in the body by assisting in the formation of phospholipids (a key component of the cell membrane). It also aids in DNA production, lipid and fatty acid metabolism, muscle building, and the maintenance of a healthy immune system. Because of its ability to replace cysteine levels in the hair to keep it strong and silky, serine is utilized in the cosmetic and personal care sector as a skin conditioning agent, anti-static agent, and hair conditioning agent. Because of their capacity to aid in collagen formation, increase skin suppleness, and replenish moisture, amino acids are usually regarded to be good to the skin. Because of its ability to replace cysteine levels in the hair to keep it strong and silky, serine is utilized in the cosmetic and personal care sector as a skin conditioning agent, anti-static agent, and hair conditioning agent. Because of their capacity to aid in collagen formation, increase skin suppleness, and replenish moisture, amino acids are usually regarded to be good to the skin. It aids in the formation of collagen and improves skin suppleness due to its high protein content. It also moisturizes the skin, which helps to prevent wrinkles and fine lines from appearing.

38. Proline

Because of its potential to improve skin suppleness, enhance collagen formation, and stimulate skin repair and regeneration, proline is commonly used as an anti-aging ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products. Because proline and other amino acids have an average molecular weight of 110 Daltons, they can effectively permeate the skin after topical application. This is significantly below the 500 Dalton rule, which asserts that substances with a molecular weight more than 500 Daltons have a far more difficult time entering the skin.

Because of its potential to minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, proline is frequently utilized in anti-aging skin care products. The stratum corneum's decreased flexibility or elasticity is one element that contributes to the creation of fine lines and wrinkles (the uppermost layer of the skin). A decrease in the amount of collagen in the skin is another key component that contributes to the production of lines and wrinkles. With aging, the body creates less and less collagen.

Furthermore, free radicals in the environment can destroy collagen proteins. As a result, as people get older, their skin becomes thinner and more fragile. Skin firmness and elasticity can be maintained by using substances that encourage collagen formation, such as proline. Proline, in particular, is a substrate required for collagen production. Proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine make up the triple helix structure of collagen. Proline's effects in supporting skin health are probably the best of all the amino acids that make up collagen. Because of its potential to boost collagen production, proline is widely known for its capacity to aid in the repair of injured skin and the promotion of wound healing. Collagen is required for wound healing because it gives the skin structure and strength.

39. Glutamine α-amino acid

Glutamine is an amino acid (a protein's building block) that occurs naturally in the body. Protein is made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of the molecule. Glutamine is created in the muscles and transported to the organs that require it via the bloodstream. Glutamine may aid gut function, the immune system, and other vital bodily systems, particularly during times of stress. It also serves as a source of "fuel" (nitrogen and carbon) for a variety of bodily cells. Glutamine is required for the production of other compounds in the body, including other amino acids and glucose (sugar).

Glutamine Amino acids are essential for maintaining healthy skin. Amino acids are the building blocks of peptides and proteins, and each one has a distinct purpose in skin care. Some types are found naturally in the skin and function with aquaporins (the body's water transport system) to move moisture through it. Some amino acids act as antioxidants, but the majority aid in the production of the skin antioxidants. Synthetic amino acids hydrate better than amino acids derived from animals or plants, according to research. Amino acids, whether consumed or applied topically, aid in the strengthening of the immune system, as well as the hydration, resilience, and overall appearance of the skin. They protect skin from free radical damage and help to slow down the aging process. As a result, many amino acids have been included in skin-firming Peptide Booster as well as other skincare products.

PEPTIDES

Peptides are short chains of amino acids that usually contain between 2 and 50 amino acids. Proteins include more amino acids than amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Because peptides are smaller and more easily broken down than proteins, they may be easier for the body to absorb. They can permeate the skin and intestines more easily, allowing them to enter the bloodstream faster.

Collagen is a protein that occurs naturally in the skin, hair, and nails. Collagen peptides are collagen proteins that have been broken down so that the body may absorb them more easily. Collagen peptides may help to improve skin health while also slowing the aging process. Also, dietary food supplements containing collagen peptides can help alleviate skin wrinkles. These vitamins may also help with skin elasticity and hydration. Peptides may increase the production of melanin, a skin pigment that helps protect the skin from sun damage. Peptides, which marketers claim can minimize wrinkles, help skin tighten up, and enhance blood flow, can also be found in topical anti-aging cosmetics.

40. Oligopeptide - 1

sH-Oligopeptide-1 is a synthetic peptide made up of the amino acids lycine, glycine, and histidine that is synthesized by E.coli fermentation. sH-Oligopeptide-1 is classified as a skin conditioning agent. The chemical structure of sH-Oligopeptide-1 is identical to that of an epidermal growth factor, and it has been found to accelerate the pace of skin repair and renewal, as well as reduce the thinning of aging skin, reducing wrinkles (Bio Organic Concepts, European Commission). 

Palmitoyl oligopeptide and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 are examples of oligopeptides that signal the skin to heal itself when necessary. They can, for example, aid in the healing of the red, oozy, scaly scenario that occurs when a pimple pops. Peptides provide more collagen, which results in plumper, more moisturized skin. Because oligopeptides aid in the formation of skin cells, they effectively improve the skin barrier and increase protection against UV damage and other environmental irritants.

41. Oligopeptide - 34

Oligopeptide-34, often known as a peptide, is a tiny protein molecule. It is made up of 13 linked amino acids that are involved in the production of melanin. In the pigment cells of the skin, oligopeptide-34 reduces tyrosinase activity and melanin production (melanocytes). It then blocks the transfer of additional melanosomes to keratinocyte cells. Oligopeptides are a type of peptide included in a lot of skincare products. This is due to the fact that their skin advantages are similar to those of retinoids.

Oligopeptides are generally safe and beneficial to the skin's protection. Melanin is triggered and gathers at the locations of perceived harm when exposed to the light, for example. Oligopeptide-34 functions by interacting with melanin cells. It aids in the inhibition of tyrosinase, an enzyme required for the production of melanin cells. Because it acts at the enzyme level, it is now much more superior to conventional whitening creams and scrubs. This results in a skin tone that is brighter and more even. Because oligopeptides are made out of small protein molecules, they cause collagen to produce more. When a perceived damage occurs, collagen stores respond by increasing production. Collagen formation is most aided by creams that include oligopeptides. This is due to their molecular structure, which makes them simpler to absorb through the skin.

Because of their structure, oligopeptides help to keep skin moist. It is free of large particles and absorbs quickly into the skin. While most oligopeptides are synthesized, their structure is similar to that of biologically produced peptides. It alerts the skin to the fact that there must have been some form of harm during application and absorption, activating a healing response. Oligopeptides' hydrating and collagen-boosting effects aid in the prevention of premature skin aging. It guarantees that the skin is plump, healthy, and ready to do its job, as well as looking more youthful, by increasing collagen production.

42. Argireline

The peptide acetyl hexapeptide-3 is known by the commercial name argireline (aka acetyl hexapeptide-8). Peptides are short sequences of amino acids that serve as the building blocks for proteins like collagen and elastin, making them crucial for healthy, youthful skin.

While peptides are ubiquitous in cosmetics, this one stands out for its ability to minimize muscle movement and the wrinkles that accompany it; it's the first peptide to target expression wrinkles specifically. Argireline is particularly specific in that it interferes with a protein receptor complex that helps muscles move. It prevents the nerves from communicating with the muscles and telling them to contract, resulting in fewer muscle contractions and less wrinkles. It helps to prevent fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating the production of collagen, the protein responsible for firm, healthy skin. Argireline enhances collagen activity, which, coupled with the skin-smoothing effects, enhances skin moisture levels. And skin that is well hydrated will always appear younger than skin that is dehydrated.

43. palmitoyl tripeptide-1

Palmitoyl tripeptide-1, also known as pal-GHK and palmitoyl oligopeptide, is a fatty acid-linked synthetic peptide that can help repair visible skin damage and enhance the skin's underlying supporting elements. It's called a messenger peptide because of its capacity to "teach" skin how to appear better, particularly when it comes to diminishing visible symptoms of sun damage like wrinkles and rough texture.

It is made up of three amino acids, which are the building blocks for the protein found on the skin, and is part of the Matrixyl 3000. It contains the peptide sequence glycine-histidine-lysine (GHK), which can improve the skin's ability to absorb topically administered substances. This trio of peptides can restore collagen levels in the skin by tricking it into thinking collagen has broken down, indicating that it is time to generate more, resulting in a face with youthful bounce. With its ability to increase the quantity of collagen produced in the skin, it can help with a variety of skin issues, including fine lines, wrinkles, rough texture, skin tone, and lifting. To put it another way, this chemical is a potent anti-aging agent.

44. Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7

Matrixyl 3000, which also contains palmitoyl oligopeptide, comprises a synthetic peptide that is thought to operate as a skin-restoring component with anti-aging properties. This peptide is made up of four amino acids and the fatty acid palmitic acid, which helps it stay stable and penetrate the skin. Peptides have a variety of purposes on the skin, and this specific peptide, either used alone or in combination with Matrixyl 3000, helps to restore the skin's surface while also calming visible signs of sensitization. The potential of palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 to help enhance the skin's visible elasticity makes it a popular ingredient in anti-aging cosmetics. Involvement in the body's inflammatory process, maybe helping to prevent cell damage during inflammation, pigmentation, uneven skin tone, and some research show it may help lessen the appearance of rosacea.

PROTEIN & COLLAGEN

Because the phrase collagen comes up whenever anyone talks about skin aging, you're definitely thinking about it in the skin. True, this protein contributes to the appearance of youthfulness in the skin, but there's more to it. Collagen is a protein that is one of the skin's key building blocks. It's also found in the tendons, ligaments, and bones. The protein plays an important role in the human body. Collagen provides structure, toughness, rigidity, and texture to human tissues. It feels like a coat of leather on the skin. It also gives skin strength and resilience when it combines with elastic fibers. When collagen levels in the body drop and the skin begins to disintegrate, wrinkles, stiffer tendons and ligaments, weaker muscles, joint discomfort, and even GI problems may appear. Collagen is obviously important for the health of all of the body's systems. Collagen peptides, in amounts of up to 10 grams(g) per day, can help enhance skin suppleness, hydration, and collagen density.

45. Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein

Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein (for Skin) functions as a smoothing agent, a film former, a firming agent, and an anti-aging agent. It's a novel high-molecular-weight protein hydrolysate that smooths the skin instantaneously, visibly reducing the appearance of wrinkles and blemishes. Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein (for Skin) provides skin smoothing, tightening, and firming that is visible to the naked eye. Face/neck creams, firming treatments, creams and lotions, and mature skin care products all include this ingredient. 

Amino acids are present in the protein hydrolysate's structure. As a result, when they are applied to the skin, they generate a protein-lipid mixture that pulls more water from the environment, resulting in moisturized and plump skin. It adds shine to the hair and skin by conditioning it. It is a mixture of amino acids that are amphoteric in nature, meaning they have both acid and base in their structure.

46. Hydrolyzed Collagen

It's mostly present in the bones, connective tissues, and skin. It makes up one-third of the body's total protein and three-quarters of the dry weight of the skin. Collagen in supplements, on the other hand, is not the same as collagen in the body. It's been split down to make it easier to understand. Hydrolysis, or the process of converting collagen to hydrolyzed collagen, is a chemical reaction that breaks proteins down into their constituent amino acids or peptides. As a result, the terms "hydrolyzed collagen" and "collagen peptides" are frequently interchanged in the supplement industry, as both refer to the more easily dissolvable form of collagen protein.

Natural collagen makes roughly 75% of the dry weight of the skin. As a result, it is dependent on the circumstances. Collagen in the skin deteriorates as people get older. Wrinkles, diminished skin suppleness, and thin skin are all symptoms of collagen degradation and decreasing production as people become older. 

47. Sericin

The silk worm Bombyx mori produces SERICIN, a natural silk bioactive extract. SERICIN, a unique silk protein, has a strong affinity for keratin. It leaves a thick, protective anti-wrinkle layer on the skin's surface, giving it an instant, long-lasting, smooth, silky feel that lasts even after a shower. Water loss and irritation on the skin are decreased. SERICIN is an aqueous solution that is yellowish-brown in color.

Sericin is high in proline, which helps to reactivate and rebuild Collagen fibers. This silk protein has anti-wrinkle properties and helps to improve skin suppleness. Sericin is also an excellent antioxidant, as it prevents lipid peroxidation. It has a calming effect and lowers inflammatory mediator expression. Sericin has moisturizing qualities because it improves the skin barrier and inhibits water loss.

PROBIOTICS

Probiotics are live bacteria that help the body's beneficial microorganisms thrive. Probiotics can help prevent and treat skin disorders such as eczema, acne, dry skin, and UV-induced skin damage when taken orally or topically.

Certain probiotics have been proven to increase the creation of ceramides, or lipids (fats) in the skin that retain moisture and keep acne-causing bacteria at bay. Ceramide levels are lower in those with eczema, so restoring them is crucial. Using probiotic skin care products can help with acne breakouts, dry skin, and eczema. Probiotics have also been shown to aid with skin aging and even skin cancer in a few small but promising trials. With aging, the pH of the skin rises, making it drier and allowing more “bad” bacteria to thrive. The skin's capacity to combat free radicals, which are natural byproducts of the body's metabolic processes and cause cell damage, is also harmed by UV exposure. Healthy bacteria are fed by probiotics, which help to balance the pH of the skin and protect it from free radical damage. Some bacteria may aid in the prevention of skin cancer and may alter the way skin grows to give it a healthier appearance.

48. Lactobacillus/Soymilk Ferment Filtrate

It's a non-living probiotic component developed in a lab by fermenting the Lactobacillus bacteria. It has been demonstrated to have a significant calming effect when applied to skin, which increases the skin's ability to fight itself against aggressors. This ferment may also assist the skin's microbiome maintain a healthy mix of flora, a benefit that may lessen the risk or visible severity of a number of common, often painful skin disorders, according to research.

Lactobacillus helps to relax and sooth skin, relieving the dry, tight, and itchy sensations that accompany with irritation. Lactobacillus calms and regulates the skin in the same way that probiotics do for digestive system. It's practically a lifesaver when it comes to irritated skin. Lactobacillus is a probiotic ferment whose qualities and efficacy vary depending on who creates it and how it's made.

LIPIDS

Lipids are the natural fats found in the skin. Epidermal and sebaceous lipids are the two types of lipids.

- Ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol are all found in epidermal lipids.

- Triglycerides, wax esters, and squalene are examples of sebaceous lipids.

Lipids are the natural fats found in the skin. They are important components of skin that help to maintain the strength of the skin's protective barrier, which maintains moisture, protects against harm, and keeps dirt and contaminants out. They also help with the skin's natural healing.

49. Squalane

Squalene (with a “e”) is a lipid that the  skin cells make naturally. Humans aren't the only ones who produce squalene. Olives, rice bran, and sugarcane all contain the moisturizer naturally. It's also present in shark livers and collected from them.

Squalane is suitable for all skin types. If other oils are too thick or greasy for the skin, this is a great alternative. Despite the fact that it's an oil, it's light and noncomedogenic, which means it won't clog pores on the skin. It penetrates pores and improves skin on a cellular level, although it does not leave the skin feeling heavy. Squalane has anti-inflammatory effects and can help to reduce swelling and redness. Natural skin oils, dead skin cells, and germs can clog the pores, but squalane won't. Squalane is also anti-inflammatory, therefore it can help with a number of inflammatory skin conditions.

50. Ceramides

Ceramides are a type of fatty acid known as a lipid. They're found naturally in skin cells and make up around half of the skin's outer layer (epidermis). Ceramides are known for their involvement in brain and nervous system development, but their potential skin health advantages have sparked a lot of attention in the skin care market. Shampoos, deodorants, and cosmetics are examples of other cosmetic applications.

Ceramides are long-chain fatty acids that form bonds with other essential chemicals to help cells operate properly. Ceramides aid in the formation of a barrier that prevents permeability. This helps to keep moisture in the skin, preventing dryness and irritation. It may also help protect the epidermis from damage caused by the environment. These advantages may have anti-aging properties. When skin is dry, fine lines and wrinkles are more visible. It's possible that retaining moisture will help to hide them. Ceramides are fatty acids that are naturally found in human skin, although they are depleted over time. This might leave the skin looking drab and dry.